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Fire Safety Preparedness

FIRE SAFE PLANT LIST/
INVASIVE PLANTS NOT TO USE
[California & Western U.S.]

COMMON NAME - BOTANICAL NAME

Ground Covers:
« Yarrow - Achillea tomentosa
« Rock Rose - Cistus vellosus
« Dwarf Coyote Bush - Baccharis pilularis prostratus
« Morning Glory Bush - Convolvulus cneorum
« Australian Fuchsia - Correa
« African Daisy - Osteospermum fruticosum
« Sunrose - Helianthemum nummularium
« Statice - Limonium perezii
« Green Lavender Cot. - Santolina Virens
« Perennial Verbena - Verbena peruviana
« Silver Mound - Artemesia caucasica
« Capeweed - Arctotheca calendula
« Snow in Summer - Cerastium tomentosum
« Winter Creep - Euyonymus radicans
« Aaron's Beard - Hypericum calycinum
« Candytuft - Iberis sempervirens, Lippia repens, Myoporum parvifolium
« Creeping Rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis prostrata
Shrubs:
« Bearberry - Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
« Silver Spreader - Artemesia caucasica
« Escallonia - Several Varieties
« Texas Privet - Ligustrum texanum
« Italian Buckthorn - Rhamnus alaternus
« Lemonade Berry - Rhus integrifolia
« Star Jasmine - Trachelospremum
« Hopseed Bush - Dondonaea viscosa
« Toyon - Heteromeles arbutifolia
« Carolina Cherry - Prunus caroliniana
« Catalina Cherry - Prunus lyonii
« Carmel Creeper - Ceanothus horizontalis
Trees:
« Carob - Ceratonia siliqua
« California Pepper - Schinus molle
« Brazilian Pepper - Schinus terebinthifolia

***************************************************
Dry & Sunny Conditions

EXOTIC ANNUALS
Shirley Poppy, Papavar rhoeas
Marigold, Tagetes lemmonii
Mullen, Verbascum spp.
Zinnia, Zinnia spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE ANNUALS
California Poppy, Escholzia californica
Tidy Tips, Layia platyglossa
Lupine, Lupinus spp
Monkey Flower, Mimulus spp
Purple Tansy, Phacelia tanacetifolia
Chia, Salvia columbariae
Windy Poppy, Stylomecon hertophylla
Clarkia, Clarkia spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE PERINNIALS
Horsemint, Agastache urticifolia
Purple Milkweed, Asclepias cordifolia
Delphinium, Delphinium spp.
St. Catherine’s Lace, Eriogonum giganteum
Blanket Flower, Gaillardia aristata
Blue Flax, Linum lewisii
Lupine, Lupinus spp.
Monkey Flower, Mimulus spp.
Penstemon, Penstemon spp.
Coyote Mint, Monardella villosa
Evening Primrose, Oenothera spp.
Matija Poppy, Romneya coulteri
Sage, Salvia spp.

EXOTIC PERENNIALS
Wooly Yarrow, Achillae tomentosa
Basket of Gold, Alyssum saxatile
Thrift, Armera maritime
Caucasian Sage Brush, Artemisia caucasica
Red Valerian, Centrathus rubber
Indian Mock Strawberry, Duchesnea indica
Flea Bane, Erigeron "speciosus"
Red Hot Poker, Kniphofia uvaria
Statice, Limonium latifolium
Beard Tongue, Penstemon spp
Russian Sage, Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’
Lavendar Cotton, Santolina chamaecyparissus
Stonecrop, Sedum spp.
Dusty Miller, Senecio cineria
Thyme, Thymus spp.
Society Garlic, Tulbaghia violacea

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SHRUBS
California Barberries, Berberis spp
California Lilac, Ceanothus spp
Western Redbud, Cercis occidentalis
Flannel Bush, Fremontodendron calfornicum
Toyon, Heyeromeles arbutifolia
Monkey Flower, Mimulus spp.
Hollyleaf Cherry, Prunus ilicifolia
California Coffeeberry, Rhamnus californica
Lemonade Berry, Sugar, Squash Bush, Rhus spp.

EXOTIC SHRUBS
Strawberry Tree, Arbutus unedo
California Lilac, Ceanothus var "Blue Jeans" & "Julia Phelps"
Rock Rose, Cistus spp.
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster spp.
Pineapple Guava, Feijoa sellowiana
St. Johnswort, Hypericum spp.
Myrtle, Myrtus spp.
Hollyleaf Osmanthus, Osmanthus heterophyllus
Firethorn, Pyracantha spp.
Senecio, Senecio greyi

CALIFORNIA NATIVE TREES
California Buckeye, Aesulus californica
Madrone, Arbutus menziesii
Black Oak, Quercus douglasii
California Black Oak, Quercus kelloggii
Interior Live Oak, Quercus wislizenii

EXOTIC TREES
Silk Tree, Albizia julibrissin
Strawberry Tree, Arbutus unedo
Oregon Ash, Fraxinus latifolia
Honey Locust, Gleditisia tricanthos
Carolina Laurel Cherry, Prunus caroliniana
Portugal Laurel, Prunus lustinica

CALIFORNIA NATIVE BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Onion, Allium spp.
Brodiaea, Brodiaea spp.
Mariposa Tulips, Globe Tulips, Calochortus spp.
Soap Plant, Chlorogalum pomeriduanum
Stonecrop, Sedum spp
Fremont Camas, Zigadenus fremontii

EXOTIC BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Most bulbs, such as Tulips, Narcissus, and Hyacinthus
do best in dry summer conditions & provide a low fuel level.
Fall crocus and alliums are also low fuel choices. Many
hardy succulents are available from local nurseries and mail
order sources, see source list.

CALIFORNIA GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Blue Wildrye, Elymus glaucus
Creeping Wildrye, Elymus triticoides
California Melica, Melica calfornica
Pine Bluegrass, Poa scabrella
Nodding Stipa, Stipa cernua
Purple Stipa, Stipa pulchra

EXOTIC GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Prairie Sky Switch, Panicum virgatum
Blue Avena Grass, Helictotrichon sempervirens

****************************************************
Wet & Sunny Conditions

CALIFORNIA NATIVE ANNUALS
Farewell to Spring, Clarkia spp.
Douglas’ Coreopsis, Coreopsis douglasii
Birds Eye, Gilia spp.
Arroyo Lupine, Lupinues succulentus
Baby Blue Eyes, Five Spot, Nemophilia spp.
California Bells, Chinese Lanterns, Phacelia spp.

EXOTIC ANNUALS
Dwarf Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus
Wax Begonia, Begonia semperflorens
Pot Marigold, Calendula
Madagascar Periwinkle, Caltranthus rosens
Blue Lobelia, Lobelia erinus
Sweet Alyssum, Lobularia maritime
Forget-Me-Not, Myosotis sylvatica
Petunia, Petunia hybrids
Primrose, Primula spp.
French Marigold, Tagetes patula
Nasturtium, Tropaeolum majus
Viola, Viola spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE PERINNIALS
Wooly Yarrow, Achillae tomentosa
Sea Thrift, Armeria martima var. californica
Butterfly Weed, Asclepias speciosa
Marsh Marigold, Caltha howellii
Jimson Weed, Datura meteloides
Jeffreys’s Shooting Star, Dodecatheon jeffreyi
Iris, Iris spp
Lupine, Lupinus spp.
Monkey Flower, Mimulus spp.
Hummingbird Sage, Salvia spathacea
California Blue Eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium bellum
Golden Eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium californicum
Violets, Viola spp.

EXOTIC PERENNIALS
Lily of the Nile, Agapanthus orientalis
Anemone, Anemone
Camomile, Anthemis nobilis
Pinks, Carnations, Diantus spp.
Euonymus, Euonymus spp.
Gaura, Gaura lindheimeri
Candytuft, Iberis sempervirens
Lavendar, Lavendula spp.
Lupine, Lupinus spp.
Mexican Evening Primrose, Oenothera berlandieri
Herbaceous Peonies, Paeoia spp.
Japanese Spurge, Pachysandra terminalis
Iceland Poppy, Papavar nudicaule
Cinquefoil, Potentilla spp.
Perennial Pincushion Flower, Scabiosa caucasica
Stokes Aster, Stokesia laevis

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SHRUBS
Plallid Service Berry, Amelanchier spp.
Manzanita, Arctostaphylus spp.
Tree Anemone, Carpenteria californica
Ceanothus, Ceanothus spp.
Buttonwillow, Cephalianthus occidentalis
Mt. Cream Bush, Holodiscus boursieri
Ca. Mock Orange, Philidelphus lewisii var californica
Ninebark, Physocarpus capitatus
Western Choke Cherry, Prunus virginiana var demissa
Gooseberry, Ribes spp
Douglas Spiraea, Spiraea douglasii
California Snowdrop Bush, Styrax officinalis var californica

EXOTIC SHRUBS
Japanese Boxwood, Buxus microphylla
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster spp.
Escallonia, Escallonia spp.
Pineapple Guava, Feijoa sellowiana
Holly, Ilex spp.
Privet, Ligustrum japonica ‘taxum’
Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina spp.
Cherry, Prunus spp.
Pomegranate, Punica spp
Viburnum, Viburnum spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE TREES
Box Elder, Acer negundo var, californicum
Foothill Ash, Fraxinus dipetala
Western Sycamore, Platanus racemosa
Fremont Popular, Populus fremontii
Red Elderberry, Sambucus callicarpa
Blue Elderberry, Sambucus caerulea

EXOTIC TREES
White Alder, Alnus rhombifolia
Eastern Redbud, Cercis Canadensis
Filbert, corylus avellana
Hawthorn, Crataegus spp.
Crape Myrtle, Lagerstromia indica
Magnolia, Magnolia spp.
Crabapple, Malus spp.
London Plane, Platanus acerfolia
Aspen, Cottonwood, Popular, Populus spp.
Flowering Pear, Pyrus calleryana

CALIFORNIA NATIVE BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Onion, Allium spp.
Brodiaea, Brodiaea spp.
Camas, Camassia spp.
Chocolate Lily, Yellow Bells, Fritillaria spp.
Munz Iris, Bowl Tubed, Iris spp.
Bloomers Tiger Lilly, Lilium humboldtii var. bloomerianum

EXOTIC BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Lilly of the Nile, Agapanthus spp.
Anemone, Anemone,
Canna, Canna spp.
Daylily, Hemerocallis spp.
Iris (bearded, beardless, Dutch, Foetid), Iris spp.
Lily, Lilium spp.
Freesia, Tritonia spp.
Calla Lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica

CALIFORNIA GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Slender wheatgrass, agopyron trachycaulum
Sedge, Carex spp.
Tufted Hairgrass, Deschampsia caespitosa
Creeping Wildrye, Elymus triticoides
Rush, Juncus spp.
Deergrass, Muhlengergia rigens

EXOTIC GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Feather Reed Grass, Calamagrostis arundinacea
Sedge, Carex spp.
Sea Urchin Blue Fescue, Festuca ovina glauca
Blue Avena Grass, Helictotrichon sempervirens
Rush, Juncus spp.
Maiden Hair Grasses, Miscanthus spp.
Blue Leafed Little Bluestem, Schizachyrium scopulorum

****************************************************
Shaded & Dry Conditions

CALIFORNIA NATIVE ANNUALS - None

EXOTIC ANNUALS - None

CALIFORNIA NATIVE PERINNIALS
Henderson’s Shooting Star, Dodecatheon hendersonii
California Wood fern, Dryopteris arguta
Iris, Iris spp.
Pitcher Sage. Lepechinia calycina
Lupine, Lupinus spp.
Western Peony, Paeonia brownii
Pink, Silene spp.

EXOTIC PERENNIALS
Corsican, Foetid Helleborus, Helleborus spp.
Gladwin Iris, Iris foetidissima
Sword Fern, Polystichum munitum

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SHRUBS
Gooseberry, Currant, Ribes spp.
Snowberry, Symphoricarpos

EXOTIC SHRUBS
Bishops Hat, Epimedium spp.
Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina domestica
Gooseberry, Currant, Ribes spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE TREES
Interior Live Oak, Quercus wislizenii

EXOTIC TREES - None

CALIFORNIA NATIVE BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Firecracker flower, Brodiaea ida maia
Chocolate Lily, Fritillaria biflora
Lily, Tiger Lily, Lilium spp.

EXOTIC BULBS & SUCCULENTS - None

CALIFORNIA GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS - None

EXOTIC GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS - None
****************************************************
Shaded & Wet Conditions

CALIFORNIA NATIVE ANNUALS
Chinese Houses, Collinsia spp.

EXOTIC ANNUALS
Fibrous spp. Treated as annual, Begonia semperflorens
Impatiens, Impatiens wallerana
Forget-Me-Not, Myostis

CALIFORNIA NATIVE PERINNIALS
Monkshood, Aconitum spp.
Venus Hair Fern, Adiantum capillus veneris
Five Fingered Fern, A. pedatum ver. aleuticum
Red Columbine, Aquilegia Formosa
Goats Beard, Aruncus vulgaris
Ginger, Asarum spp.
Lady Fern, Athyrium filix femina
Pacific Bleeding Heart, Dicentra Formosa
Iris, Iris spp.
Western Sword Fern, Polystichum
Skullcap, Smilacina spp.
Wake Robin, Trillium spp.
Giant Chain Fern, Woodwardia fumbriata

EXOTIC PERENNIALS
Bears Breech, Acanthus mollis
Carpet Bugle, Ajuga reptans
Columbine, Aquilegia spp.
False Spirea, Astilbe spp.
Bergenia, Bergenia
Bell Flower, Campanula spp.
Lilly of the Valley, Convallaria majalis
Bleeding Heart, Dicentra spectabilis
Foxglove, Digitalis spp.
Wild Strawberrry, Fragaria chiloensis
Sweet Woodruff, Galium odoratum
Coral Bells, Heuchera spp.
Blue Star Creeper, Isotoma fluviatilis
Purple Nightshade, Solanum xanti
Violets, Viola spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SHRUBS
Sierra Kinnickinnick, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Oregon Grape, Berberis aquilifolium
Smooth Dogwood, Cornus glabrata
Western Dogwood, Cornus occidentalis
Western Burningbush, Euonymus occidentalis
Mt. Cream Bush, Holodiscus boursieri
Twinberry, Lonicera involucrate
Thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus
California Huckleberry, Vaccinium ovatum

EXOTIC SHRUBS
Flowering Maple, Abutilon spp.
Cast Iron Plant, Aspidistra elatior
Camellia, Camellia spp.
Mexican Orange, Choisya ternate
Bush Morning Glory, Convulvus cneorum
Daphne, Daphne odora
Euonymus, Euonymus fortunei
Hybrid Fuchsia, Fuchsia hybrida
Magellanica Fuchsia, Fuchsia magellanicia
Gardenia, Gardenia spp.
Hydrangea, Hydrangea spp.
Oregon Grape, Mahonia spp.
Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina domestica
Lily of the Valley Shrub, Pieris japonica
Rhododendron & Azalea, Rhododendron spp.
Lilac, Syringa vulgaris
Viburnum, Viburnum spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE TREES
Maple, Acer spp.
Alder, Alnus spp.
Sierra Dogwood, Cornus nuttallii
California Bay, Umbellularia californica

EXOTIC TREES
Japanese Maple, Acer palmatum
Strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo
Eastern Dogwood, Cornus florida

CALIFORNIA NATIVE BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Fairy Lanterns, Calochortus spp.
Fawn Lily, Erythronium spp.
Iris, Iris spp.
Lily, Lilium spp.

EXOTIC BULBS & SUCCULENTS
Arum, Arum spp
Lilly of the Valley, Convallaria majalis
Lily, Lilium spp.

CALIFORNIA GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Rush, Juncus spp.

EXOTIC GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS
Rush, Juncus spp.
Lily Turf, Liriope spp.
Mondo Grass, Ophiopogon spp.
Spiderwort, Trasescantia viriginiana

****************************************************
Non-deciduous & Evergreen Shrubs as Screens & Hedges

CALIFORNIA NATIVE SHRUBS
California Lilac, Ceanothus spp.
Yerba Santa, Eriodictyon trichlocalyx
Flannel Bush, Fremontodendron
Fremont Silk-Tassel, Garrya fremontii
Toyon, Heteromeles arbutifolia
Oregon Grape, Mahonia spp.
Hollyleaved cherry, Prunus illicifolia
California Coffeeberry, Ramnus californica
California Laurel, Umbellularia californica

EXOTIC SHRUBS
Strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo
Barberry, Berberis some
Boxwood, Buxus spp.
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster some
Silverberry, Elaeagnus spp.
Euonymus, Euonymus some
Holly, Ilex
Bay, Laurus nobilis
Glossy Leaved Privet, Lingstrum teranum
Myrtle, Myrica spp.
Photonia, Photonia some
Evergreen Huckleberry, Vaccinium ovatum
Viburnum, Viburnum spp.

****************************************************
Pyrophytes - Plants that are extremely combustable

Characteristics of plants not recommended for fire prone areas are:
· High surface area to volume ration
· Low moisture content
· A high percentage of dead matter or debris

Plants marked with a P are extremely combustible. Use these plants with great care as to proximity to structures or other plants and with proper maintenance and ground clearing.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE & EXOTIC TREES
Fir, Abies spp.
Cedar, Cedrus spp.
Cypress, Cedar, Chamaecyparis spp. (except dwarf)
Cypress, Cupressus spp.
Larch, Larix
Spruce, Picea spp.
Pine, Pinus spp. (including dwarf)
Arborvitae, Thuja spp.
Hemlock, Tsuga spp.

CALIFORNIA NATIVE & EXOTIC SHRUBS
Chamise, Greasewood, Adenostoma fasciculatum (P)
Red Shanks, Adenostoma sparsifolium (P)
California Sagebrush, Artemisia californica
Brooms, Cytisus, Genista, Spartium
Hopseed Bush, Dodonaea viscose
Buckwheat, Eriogonum spp.
Juniper, Juniperus spp. (P)
Chaparral, Pickeringia Montana

CALIFORNIA NATIVE & EXOTIC GROUND COVERS
Coyote Bush, Baccharis spp. (P when over grown)
Algerian Ivy, Hedera canariensis
Juniper, Juniper spp. (P)

CALIFORNIA NATIVE & EXOTIC GRASSES,
PERENNIALS & VINES
Bamboo, Bamboo spp. (P)
Pampas Grass, Cortaderia selloana (P)
Japanese Honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica (P)
Eulalia Grass, Miscanthus
Deer Grass, Muhlenbergia spp.
Fountain Grass, Pennisetum setaceum (P)
Black Sage, Salvia mellifera (P)

****************************************************
Invasive plants NOT TO USE in landscaping

Oxalis spp.
Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius
French Broom, Cytisus monspessulanus
Portugese Broom, Cytisus striatus
English Ivy, Hedera helix
German Ivy
Princess Tree, Paulownia tomentosa
Madagascar Periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus
Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima
Asparagus fern, Asparagus densiflorus
Catalpa, Catalpa spp.
Yellow star thistle, Centaurea solstitialis
Red Valerian, Centranthus ruber
Pampus Grasses, Cortaderia spp.
Iceplant, Carpobrotus aequilateralus
Bermuda Grass, Cynodon dactylon
Knapweed, Centaurea spp.
Acacia, Acacia spp.
Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus spp.
Mint, Mentha spp.
Oleander, Nerium oleander
Bamboo, Creeping, Phyllostachys spp.
Common Plantain, Plantago major
Bradford Pear, Pyrus calleryana
Sumac, Rhus spp.
Blackberry, Rubus spp.
Periwinkle, Vinca spp.

The website:
http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/
Provides an extensive list of invasive plants and where they are a problem. Please note that some native California species are listed here. The problems arise when a plant that is acclimated to the harshness of a particular environment and is introduced to another where it can flourish, it can take over and crowd out native flora in that region, thereby eliminating a habitat.







Goddard Organic Landscape Design




Goddard Organic Landscape Design



Fire Safety & What To Do About Landscaping - Spring is here and winter weather patterns may soon dry up. Now is an excellent time to think about fire safety and landscape design... READ MORE

Fire Safe Plant List & Invasive Plants - ... READ MORE

Fire Safe Diagram - ... READ MORE

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EarthSpiritHealing.org contents © Mark Goddard. Website Design, Artwork, Photography & Layout © Mark Goddard. Last update 3/7/08.